Al Maktoum joined Dubai Culture in 2008 as vice chairman and assumed her role as chairperson in 2019. Dubai Culture has spearheaded initiatives such as the Dubai Creative Economy Strategy, the Al Quoz Creative Zone, the Cultural Visa, the Dubai Collection, and Dubai Art Season. In November 2024, Al Maktoum announced the launch of the “Dubai Cultural Grant” program, which will provide $49 million in grants over the next decade to support and develop Dubai's cultural and arts sectors. She is also the vice chairman of the Emirates Literature Foundation and a member of the Dubai Council and the Dubai Executive Council.